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E.e. cummings uses formal techniques to portray his feelings in his 1931 poem, “i sing to Olaf glad and big.” The meter follows iambic tetrameter throughout the poem, as cummings follows Olaf through his journey. There is end rhyme in the poem, but it follows an unusual pattern. The pattern follows an initial pattern of aabb then follows a pattern where the end rhyme will repeat every four lines, but is not consistent. In the third stanza, the end rhyme scheme repeats itself every three lines. Cummings does not use correct punctuation, and does not capitalize words in the poem, with the exception of names (God, Christ, Olaf), and in quotes (“’I will not kiss your fucking flag’”).
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