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C&D
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SUMMERY AND CROSS-REFERENCING REASONS WHY SOME DEVIANT ACTS ARE CRIMINAL Not all deviant acts are considered to be criminal acts, but some are. Deviancy is defined by the people in the society, commonly the dominant culture. The dominant culture meaning the culture that is more populated in a society. When members of the subculture do something that they consider to be normal the members of the dominant culture might not. (Pg.4) When a deviant act is considered to be to the excessive to the majority of the dominant culture they the population can be of the same opinion and have a law implemented against it.(Pg.4) When a pressure group tries to ban a act for moral reasons and succeeds can make an act considered to be deviant.(Pg.4) PATTERNS OF CRIME The criminal acts that are most common are theft and burglary. 5% of reported crimes are assault. 1% is sexual offences, note that this is a percentage on the crimes reported and not of actual crimes, most women that are sexually assaulted do not report it.(Pg.5) The majority of criminals are of the male sex, with the most likely age between 16 and 19, females 13 to 15.(Pg.5) SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME AND DELINQUENCY There five possible explanations for crime, the sub-cultural approach, anomy, the Marxist approach, left realism, and control theory.(Pg.6) The sub-cultural approach; this approach claims that people who commit crimes share similar norms and values, that differ from those of the society. This has to do with their upbringing, e.g. children who are raised in a family where someone is being abused, not necessarily themselves.(Pg.6) Anomie; this approach comes from Mr. Robert Merton, and he argues that people in society want to have financial success and people who are unemployed may have things hard, and society will label them as poor low life people so the resort to crime.(Pg.6) The Marxist approach states; that people resort to crime because of there society they live in. this is a long-established theory.(Pg.6) Left realism; formally known as left wing states that young people are influenced by other people who have high income and expensive goods such as expensive cars big houses etc, and strive to have the same therefore resorting to crime.(Pg.7) Control theory this questions why people follow rules in the first place and claims that people are linked to society by four bonds: attachment, which is the extent to which people care about others wishes and opinions. Which means how much people acknowledge other people’s norms and values and respect them.(Pg.7) commitment, which is the amount of personal investment that people put into their life in terms of education, hard work, career moves etc. This means that how much people want and how hard they work for knowledge and what they want. (e.g. if you want a car but don’t have enough money to buy it. Will you work hard for it? or will you steal it?(Pg.7) involvement, this concerns a high level of activities, thus a busy person with a wide range of interests and activities may be too busy to engage in deviant activities. This means that people that are busy physically wont even think of doing anything deviant a criminal. (Pg.7) belief, this concerns the intensity or degree of belief of someone in the rules of society. This means that the extent of the respect of the law that people have.(Pg.7) LABELING The general name that a group of people carries is considered to their label. A label is an over simplified prejudgment of a group or a person people who make these labels are known as stereotypes. Most of the time when people are labeled the whole society refers to them by that name, this can have an affect on their lives also the lives of the people who call them that.(Pg.8) People tend to treat people that are labeled differently depending on the name they carry.
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