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Decision making process in EU
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THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION The Commission comprises 20 commissioners who are collectively known as the College of Commissioners. Each member state of the European Union has one commissioner with the exceptions being Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain who have two commissioners each. The commissioners are appointed by their national governments for a term of 5 years. Each commissioner is accompanied by their own cabinet of 6 people whom they appoint themselves. The president of the Commission, who is chosen by the European Council and must be approved by the European Parliament, leads the College. The president is the representative of the E.U. when dealing with other countries. The main function of the European Commission is to create proposals for law and policy making. It carries out both executive and administrative functions but most importantly; it is the Guardian of the Treaties that are the source of law in the European Union. The proposals constructed by the Commission are passed to the Council of Ministers who act upon them and assist in the procedure of transforming them into laws. The Commission represents the common interests of the Union and its main job is to ensure that a close union remains between the member states. One of the main problems with this institution is that there is a democratic deficit. All of the commissioners are appointed, as is the president instead of being fairly elected. It's relationships with the other E.U. institutions are not clearly defined and it is losing its power and influence to the European Parliament which is slowly becoming stronger. On the other hand, the Commission is highly efficient which may be due to its employment of some 4,000 civil servants who assist in the smooth running of the institution. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE The Court is based in Luxemburg and comprises 15 judges and nine advocates general who are all appointed by the member states and serve a renewable term of 6 years. The judges and advocates must be unquestionably independent, highly qualified and experienced in the field of European politics. The judges elect the president of the Court who serves for 3 years, directs all the actions of the court and appoints judge rapporteurs who assist the judges.
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