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Models of Remedial Education in France Provision in, or attached to, ordinary schools for pupils who have disabilities or experience difficulties in learning is remarkably diverse, reflecting both “the new” and “the old”. Structures established nearly a century ago coexist with new models introduced since 1989. Classes d’integration scolaire (CLIS), have been established which are attached to ordinary schools to facilitate the inclusion of pupils with visual, hearing and physical disabilities and those who experience difficulties in learning. However, the Classes d’interation scolaire are selective. Not all children with disabilities or difficulties can expect to find a place. In addition to the CLIS, there are also the “classes a effectif reduit” (classes of reduced size”), more popular known as “classes d’adaptation fermee” (closed adaptation classes”) and the “regroupment d’adaptation” or “classes d’adaptation ouverte” (“open adaptation classes”).
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