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Locomotion: Structure related to function
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Biology: Structure is related to function Name: Brodie Kenyon Teacher: Mrs. Firth Due Date: 24th March Table of Contents Page 1 - Title Page Page 2 - Table of Contents Page 3 - Sketching – Toad Page 4 - Fish Page 5 - Bird Page 6 - Cat Page 7 - Lizard Page 8 - Dog Page 9 - Introduction Page 9 - Adaptations of Skeletal Structure Page 9 - Class locomotion: Compare and Contrast Page 13 - Conclusion Page 14 - Bibliography Adaptations of Skeletal Structure Skeletal structure differs for the locomotion of all species. Locomotion refers to the movement of an animal from one place to another4, many reasons for locomotion include searching for food, escape from predators, find a mate or in search for better living conditions. Many modes of locomotion include burrowing to swimming into large depths of water or from air to water and vice versa. All forms of locomotion require exertions of energy and force on their surrounding environment, using both muscular and non-muscular movements. Adaptations in joints and bone structure enable each species to migrate from positions in any way that they need to. Joints and structure adaptations in class Aves (bird) are important for their locomotion. Birds are well adapted and suited for aerial mode of life that their whole organization and body structure is based on this mechanism. Since flight imposes a large surface weight ratio, birds are commonly small compared to other mammals. This short body creates less surface area for gravity to pull them down to surface. Birds bodies are small and have large amount of feathers upon its body, which are used for heat insulation and flight2. There are different kinds of feathers on different parts of the body, meant for different functions. The alteration of forelimb to wing is the most important adaptation to flight2. There are two free carpals; and the rest of the wrist is made of three metacarpals, the rather large pectoral muscles, making a larger part of the weight of the body produces the active movements of aerial locomotion2. The muscle in the arm itself serves to extend the whole wing and to change the positions of the parts which assist with the aerodynamics and powered flight of the bird.
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