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Urban Poor
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Urban Social Movements In Latin America Latin America is made up of diverse countries, peoples and cultures. It is a continent rich in resources, however, it has many problems facing its people, such as; debt, urbanisation, environmental issues, multinationals and continuing wars and unrest. Many people in Latin America withstand sever hardship because of these issues and how their governments lack the ability to respond. This essay will examine 1 key issue facing Latin America; urbanisation. This issue will be analysed on more micro level through local social movements and how particular communities have come together to meet their needs and face an often-imposing government. This essay will concentrate on the time during the 1980s, however, will have to add some historical context leading up to this period. The last half of the 20-century saw many rural third world nations become rapidly urbanised. Latin America was one of these continents to transform. Most of this is due to migration after the Second World War where migrants from rural areas were forced to leave to find wok in order to survive. Many countries in this area couldn’t cope with this urban growth, which led to people living in conditions well below the poverty line. Families migrating to the city centres quickly erected autonomous houses through squatting or claiming land through land invasions on land surrounding the city that was either owned by the government or privately. Food, shelter and community services are the main issues that these people dealt with everyday often with little or no help from their government. Urbanisation is caused by many factors, studies have been done in ‘modernisation theories, dependency theories and urban bias all to analyse how and why urbanisation exists. This essay doesn’t explore how urbanisation has come about but more how different communities have coped and organised social movements to change their lives for the better. These movements have often been in the face of dictatorship or military styled governments who did little to help but rather hinder people from making changes to their community. Three countries are examined on a social movement basis, they are, Mexico, Chile and Uruguay. Mexico experienced a growth period between 1940-1970, where the government created incentives for industry and set up infrastructures.
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