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Kohlber's levels of moral development
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21. The first of Kohlberg's three levels of moral development is the preconventional level. During this level a person is concerned with the consequences of their actions and it contains two stages. Stage one is avoiding punishment, a child will behave in a way that will not result in punishment. Stage two is satisfying a need. A child will do what it takes to meet a need or want they have. The second level is the conventional level. It is when a person's descisions are based on society's standards of right and wrong, It contained the next two stages of moral development. The third stage is winning approval, a person will try to gain the approval of others using the standards of right and wrong. A person will do the right thing not for the sake of doing sometihng good but to get the approval of others. The fourth stage judgementsare based on law and order. A person will have respect for authority and try to follow laws as best they can. The third and final level of moral development is the postconventional level. Stage five judgements are based on personal values. While law and order are still considered important, but if a need is great enough, they will break the law and follow their own values. Sixth stage reasoning is based on universal values like justice, dignity, and life. A person will make descisions heavily based on their values and will not follow laws that they don't agree with. 22. As people get older they start to get wrinkles because the skin loses elasticity. The senses can sometimes dull, bones get weaker, reactions get slower. What a person can do to deal with these problems is eating well and exercising regular it helps keeps the body fit and flexible. While most people don't experience any significant cognitive problems as they age, some can develop a dementia, a serious loss of cognitive ability. People wih a demential can ahve serious memory loss, speech problems, difficulty concentrating on things, or even performing simple tasks. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. It usually causes severe memory loss and confusion. Researchers do not yet know the exact cause of Alzheimer's but there are many theories. When a person reaches about 65 - 70 they may be forced to retire. Many people looks forward to the freedom of retirment, while others worry about what they will do wth all their free time.
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