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Vladimir Lennin
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Vladimir Ilich Lenin (1870-1924) Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary that was the founder of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). He was also the leader of its first government. He was born April 22, 1870, in the city of Simbirsk that is now called Ulyanovsk. Lenin's father, Ilya Nikolayevich, was a talented man who loved science. He taught mathematics and physics at various schools in the cities of Penza and Nizhni Novgorod. In 1869 he was appointed inspector and director of state schools in Simbirsk Gubernia. It is located on the famous Russian river, the Volga. He spent his childhood in Simbirsk and lived in Simbirsk for 17 years. Lenin’s first problem with the law was in 1887 when the police arrested and hanged his elder brother for plotting to assassinate Czar Alexander III. Later that year Lenin enrolled in Kazan University now Kazan State University. He was expelled as a troublemaker and exiled to his grandfather's estate in the village of Kokushkino. From 1887 to 1888, Lenin studied the classics of European revolutionary thought and Das Kapital that was written by German political philosopher Karl Marx. He soon considered himself a Marxist. Lenin studied law and passed his law examinations in 1891. He worked as a lawyer for the poor in the City of Samara before moving to St. Petersburg in 1893. In St. Petersburg Lenin joined a Marxist group. In 1895 he helped create the St. Petersburg Union that was working for the struggle of the emancipation of the working Class. Police arrested the leaders of this group and Lenin was put into jail for 15 months along with other union members. One of those in prison with Lenin was Nadezhda Krupskaya who later became Lenin’s wife. Lenin went with his wife into Siberian exile until 1900. One year later he changed his name from V.I. Ulyanov to V.I. Lenin to confuse the police. After Vladimir’s exile ended in January 1900, he got permission from the government to leave Russia. He left Russia and was joined later by Krupskaya in Munich, Germany. Lenin, along with Georgy Plekhanov, Yury Martov, Paul Axelrod, Vera Zasulich and Alexandr Potresov helped found the party newspaper, Iskra. The editors of Iskra also published Zarya. This was a publication about Marxist theory. In 1901 Vladimir Ulyanov began using the name Lenin. Many revolutionaries changed their names to confuse the police. Iskra’s success in recruiting Russian intellectuals to Marxism led Lenin and his comrades to believe that the time was right to form a revolutionary Marxist party that would bring together all of the Marxist groups. A First Congress meeting was held in 1898 in Minsk.
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