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Shock The content of this topic paper is “Shock”. Shock has several different classifications, and is a progressive widespread reduction in tissue perfusion that results from a decrease in effective circulating blood volume causing a decrease in oxygen delivery and/or exchange in capillary circulation. Each type of shock involves numerous clinical manifestations that may also represent other conditions, making diagnosis difficult. So, let us take a look at the different classifications of shock: Anaphylactic, Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic, and Septic. (Silvestri 2002) missing comma between Silvestri and 2002; period follows references. Anaphylactic shock begins as anaphylaxis, an immune and inflammatory reaction to an allergen. If this reaction is not treated the client goes into anaphylactic shock. Most common symptoms are, but not limited to, hives and swelling of the throat, lips, tongue, and around the eyes with difficulty breathing or swallowing. It only takes one or two minutes for a mild allergic reaction to escalate to anaphylaxis. Death may occur if emergency treatment is not provided. The first nursing consideration is to establish an airway and the administration of vasopressor agents, especially epinephrine and antihistamines.
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