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B4 Chair
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Marcel Breuer was an outstanding student of the carpentary workshop in the Bauhaus educational establishment which remains perhaps the most potent symbol in 20th Cen- tuary design.Bauhaus objects are characterized by their simple forms,clean lines and inexpensive materials with a common concern for truth to materials and structure.Its ideas,methologies and styles being virtually synonymous with Modernism,which consisted of a series of movements and individuals who strove to break down barriers between aesthetics,techniques and society so that an appropriate design of the highest visual and practical quality could be produced for the mass of the people.The early 20thCentuary was a period of rapid social and historical change and this was reflected in the arts of the time.A mood of austerity and practical simplicity followed the days of WW1.People welcomed the machine age and designers reassessed their products in the light of the post-war mood and looked upon the new materials that had become avail- able.In turn design moved away from craft-based concepts towards more mass-produced functional design.An exploration of new,clean, geometric and classical forms and materials was felt to be symbolic with the mass-production capacity of a progressive industrial culture. Increasing industrialization led to social restructuring around the needs of the people and cheeper goods production.With a shortage of housing space and a fashion for health and hygene the aim was to create light-weight,low-cost adaptable,multipurpose furniture in clean and hard materials.(soft upholstery was thought to harbour dust and mites.)Breuer endeavoured to be independant of the past,by reject- ing all existing preconceptions about furniture design,and to create radically new forms for furniture befitting the modern domestic life.
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