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INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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CHAPTER 1 1. What is the difference between an information system and information technology? § Information Systems is an arrangement of people, data, process and information technology that interact to collect, process, store and provide as output the information needed to support an organization. § Information Technology describes the combination of computer technology with telecommunications technology 2. Identify the 7 classes of information § Transaction processing system process business transactions such as orders, payments, etc. § Management information system Use transaction data produce information needed by managers to run the business § Decision support system help various decision makers identify and choose between options and decisions § Executive information system systems tailored to the unique information needs if executives who plan for the business and assess performance against the plans § Expert information system capture and reproduce the knowledge if an expert problem solver or decision maker and then stimulate the thinking of the expert § Communication and Collaboration system enhance communication and collaboration between people, both internal and external to the organization § Office Automation system help employees create and share documents that support day-to-day office activities. 3. What are the 4 perspectives from which an information system can be viewed? § The players in the information system § The business drivers influencing the information system § The technology drivers used by the information systems § The process used to develop the information system 4. Who are the stakeholders of an information system? § A stakeholder is a person who helps build the information system § System Analyst/Project Manager § System Builders § System Designers § System Users § System Owners 5. Briefly describe the role of each stakeholder in systems development § Systems Analyst acts as a facilitator bridging the communications gap between non-technical system owners and users and the technical system designers and builders § System Builders construct, deploy and maintain the information (focus on hardware and software) § System Designers translate the business requirements into a feasible technical solution. (focus on design) § System Users define the business requirements and expectations for the system § System Owners pay for the system to be built and operated and set the vision and priorities for the system (focus on cost and benefits) 6. Identify two classes of system users and give examples of each § Internal System Users employees of the business for which most information systems are built (Clerical & Service workers, Technical and Professional Staff) § External System Users people who directly work with the system (Customers, Suppliers and Partners) 7. Give several examples of system designers who may be involved in systems development § Database Administrators § Network Architects § Web Architects § Graphic Artists § Security experts § Technology Specialist 8. Give several examples of system builders who may be involved in systems development § Systems Programmers § Applications Programmers § Database Programmers § Network Administrators § Security Administrators § Webmasters § Software integrators 9. Differential between systems analysts, programmer/analysts and business analysts. § Systems Analysts facilitate the development of information systems with interaction with other stakeholders § Programmer Analysts has responsibility of the both computer programming and systems analysts § Business Analysts focuses only on the non-technical aspects of systems analysis and design 10. What is the systems analyst role in systems development as it relates to other stakeholders § Systems analysts facilitate the development of information services and computer applications. They coordinate the efforts of the owners, users, designers and builders. Frequently they may play one of those roles as well. Systems analysis perform system analysis and design 11. What is an external service provider (ESP)? § ESP external worker (contractor) § Examples technology engineer, sales engineer, systems consultant, contract programmers and system integrators 12. What is the role of a project manager on a system development project? § The project manager is an experienced professional who accepts responsibility for planning monitoring and controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget, deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards, and system quality. 13. What is enterprise application? Give examples § Enterprise Application Integration the process and technologies used to link applications to support the flow of data and information between those applications. § BEA Systems § IBM (MQSeries) § Mercator Software § TIBCO Software 14. What is a system development process? § A set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software 15. Briefly explain the difference between sequential and iterative development. § Sequential development required that each development process (phase) be completed one right after another § An iterative development approach is iterative or incremental development. Once the version of the system is implemented, the strategy is to then perform some additional analysis, design and implementation in order to release the next version. Chapter 3 1. What is a systems development process? § A set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and continuously improve information systems and software. 2. What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? § A standardized framework for assessing the maturity level of an organizations information systems development and management processes and products. It consists of 5 levels of maturity. 3. Describe the 5 levels of CMM. Which level is dependent on the establishment of a systems development process? o Level 1 Initial : System development projects follow no consistent process o Level 2 Repeatable: Project management process and practices are established to track project costs, schedules, and functionality o Level 3 Defined: A standard system development process (methodology) is purchased or developed. o Level 4 Managed: Measurable goals for quality and productivity are established o Level 5 Optimizing: Standardized system development process continuously monitored and improved based on measures and data analysis established on level 4 o ?????Level 5 is dependent on the establishment of a systems development process. 4. What is the difference between the system life cycle and a systems development methodology? § A systems life cycle divides the life of an information system into two stages, systems development and systems operation and maintenance. § A systems development methodology is a process for the systems development stage. It defines a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables and automated tools that systems developers and maintain information systems and software. 5. What are the 10 fundamental principles of systems development? § Principle 1: Get the users involved § Principle 2: Use a problem solving approach § Principle 3: Establish phases and activities § Principle 4: Document throughout development § Principle 5: Establish Standards § Principle 6: Manage the process and projects § Principle 7: Justify Information Systems as Capital Investments § Principle 8: Dont be afraid to cancel or revise scope § Principle 9: Divide and Conquer § Principle 10: Design the system for growth and change 6. Differentiate among problems, opportunities, and directives as triggers if the system development process § Problems are undesirable situations that prevent the organization from fully achieving its purpose, goals, and/or objectives § Opportunities are chances to improve the organization event in the absence of specific problems § Directives are new requirements that are imposed by management, government or some external influence. 7. Name the six problems of the PIECES framework § Process § Information § Economics § Control § Efficiency § Service 8. Differentiate between the development stage and operation and support stage of the life cycle. § The development stage is the actual development of the project § The operation and support stage happens when the system is actual being used. 9. List and briefly describe the eight basic phases that are common to most modern system development methodologies § Scope definition Phase figure out if a problem exists in the current system and if so how many resources will it take to fix the problem § Problem Analysis Phase study the existing system and analyze the findings to provide the project team with a more thorough understanding of the problems that triggered the project § Requirements Analysis Phase defines and prioritizes the business requirements § Logic Design Phase translate the business requirements into system models. Non-technical § Decision Analysis Phase Decide how the system will be built. Steps followed (1) Identify candidate solution (2) Analyze those candidate solutions for feasibility (3) recommend a candidate system as the target solution to be designed § Physical Design and Integration Phase transform the business requirements into physical design specifications that will guide the system construction § Construction and Testing Phase (1) build and test a system that fulfills business requirements and system design specifications (2) Implement the interfaces between the new system and existing systems. § Installation and Delivery Phase system builders install the system and train system users § System Operation and Maintenance Phase Consists of assisting users, fixing bugs, recovering the system, and adapting the system to new requirements 10. Describe each phase of the FAST life cycle in terms of purpose, inputs and outputs § See figure 3-9 11. What is a constraint? § Any factor, limitation, or resistant that may limit a solution or problem solving process 12. Explain the relevance of scope definition in controlling scope creep. § By documenting a initial scope you establish a baseline for controlling scope creep. 13. What is a statement of work? § A contract with management and the user community to develop and enhance an information system; defines vision, scope, constraints, high level user requirements, schedule and budget. 14. Differentiate between logical and physical design. § Physical design is the translation of business user requirements into a system model that depicts technical implementation of the users business requirements. § Logical Design is the translation of business user requirements into a system model that depicts only the business requirements and not any possible technical design or implementation of those requirements. 15. Describe 5 types of feasibility § Technical feasibility Is the solution technically practical?
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