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In conventional vertically integrated power utilities, the cost of reactive power support is normally recovered by two means: one is to include the cost of reactive power support into active power price and the other is to use load power factor penalty. In a deregulation environment, the reactive power support, system reserve and operation control services are all regarded as system ancillary services, and the cost of each ancillary service should be considered separately. Because the conventional pricing methods of reactive power support do not fit the market environment any more, a reasonable and practical pricing scheme for reactive power support is highly demanded.
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