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global studies
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History Humans Arise Five million years ago the first African people evolved. The Great Rift Valley is were the first fossils of humans appeared. Africa has such a great variety of climates. Some of the climates include the rain forest and deserts. These climates have helped people evolve in Africa. Nile Valley The Nile Valley was home to two major African civilizations. The Nubian kingdom was in the south and Egypt was to the north. These two kingdoms traded between each other. Sometimes the two kingdoms would start wars with each other. Both of these kingdoms had a king and developed a writing system. Mali The Niger River is one of the most fertile and useful rivers in Africa. These fertile banks have produced some of the oldest cities. The earliest cities that were built here were built almost 2 million years ago. After the first million years the city of Jenne-jeno had risen to power. This city contributed to the success of Ghana. Then in 1250 Mali overpowered Ghana and became the dominant ruler. Africans in Spain In 1086 African Muslims conquered Spain and Portugal. This Islamic rule led to a stable leader in much of Africa. By 1000 much of north Africa had become Muslim. In 1232 the Almoravids are taken over by the Almohads who were also of the Muslim religion. Muslim culture has become the dominant religion in Africa and today every 1 of 3 people are Islam. Slave Trade In the 1500’s, millions of Africans were captured and brought over to the U.S. to work on plantations of white owners. This lasted for more than 400 years. Most Africans were taken in war as prisoners, then sold as slaves, but some were just taken from the Europeans.
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