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1) No, the polypeptide chains aren’t assembled on the DNA; they are formed based on the RNA. The ribosome adds each amino acid brought to it by tRNA to the growing end of the polypeptide chain, corresponding with each codon of the mRNA strand. 2) During transcription, a gene provides the code for synthesizing an mRNA molecule. During translation, the genetic message encoded in mRNA organizes amino acids into a protein of a certain amino acid sequence. In a prokaryotic cell, which lacks a nucleus, mRNA produced by transcription is immediately translated without any type of additional processing. In a eukaryotic cell, the two main steps of protein synthesis occur in separate places; transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. 3) A gel electrophoresis is used to determine the length of a piece of DNA.
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