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Bandura's Social Learning Theory
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Introduction This paper will entail a discussion of a child named Dietta and her heritage. Dietta is a 6 year old female, Native North American child who is a member of the Tohono O’Odham tribe. Dietta resides with her family on the Tohono O’Odham reservation in southern Arizona. The Tohono O’Odham reservation is the second largest reservation in the United States and it stretches for over one hundred miles along the Mexico/American border. The reservation is very rural and lies in the arid Sonoran Desert, characterized by wide valleys, plains and jutting mountain ranges which rise to nearly 8,000 feet. The reservation and its tribal members would be considered to be of the lower socio-economic class in the United States. Tohono O’Odham Cultural History and Migration Experience The Tohono O’Odham, formally known as the Papago, have lived in the Sonoran Desert for thousands of years. Although the desert too many of us seems to be unrelenting in its severe weather conditions, it supplied the Papago with their sustenance for many years. In 1980, the Papago officially changed their name from Papago, which means “bean eaters,” to Tohono O’Odham, which means “desert people” in their Tohono O’Odham language. The Tohono O’Odham belong to the Piman branch of the Uto-Aztecan Linguistic family and are believed to be closely related to the Pima Tribe. The Pima people are probable descendents of the prehistoric Hohokam people. It is the general belief of Dietta and her Tohono O’Odham people that a power or creator brought about their people of the desert. This creator as time went on, witnessed the desert people becoming more sinful in nature. However, the creator noticed that one person, Iitoi, also known as Elder Brother, was remaining true to the creator. The creator told Iitoi that a flood would soon come and kill all of the people in the desert. Because of Iitoi’s remaining true, the creator placed Iitoi high up on Baboquivari Peak, the sacred mountain of the Papago. It is from there that Iitoi witnessed the flood and the disaster that killed his people. After this disaster, Iitoi helped to create the Hohokam people from whom both the Papago and Pima became descendants. Iitoi helped to teach the Hohkam’s the right way of life and they lived in harmony for many years. Eventually some of the people turned on Iitoi and killed him. The Tohono O’Odham tribal members believe that his spirit fled back to the top of Baboquivari Peak where it remains today. The tribal members believe that Iitoi’s spirit remains in the form of a very small man, and still visits their villages. When attempts would be made to capture him, he would take numerous twists and turns to avoid capture and eventually arrive back atop Baboquivari Peak. This belief created the Papago or Tohono O’Odham tribal symbol of the man in the maze. This man in the maze is symbolized by a basket with the Elder Brother, Iitoi, at the top of an intricate pattern or maze. The legend of Iitoi and the man at the top of the basket symbolizes birth of the individual, of family and of tribe. As the figure travels through the maze they will face many turns and many changes. The elder tribal members frequently refer to a turn in their life and tie it back to a turn in the maze. It is the belief that as one travels further and further into the maze, one acquires more knowledge, strength and understanding.
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